Korean cinema has been making waves globally, and their comedy films are no exception. From quirky romantic comedies to side-splitting action flicks, Korean filmmakers have mastered the art of making audiences laugh. In this blog post, we’ll explore 30 of the best Korean comedy movies that are guaranteed to brighten your day and leave you in stitches. Get ready for a rollercoaster ride of laughter, heartwarming moments, and unforgettable characters!
1. My Sassy Girl (2001)
My Sassy Girl is a romantic comedy that has become a cult classic in Korean cinema. The film follows the story of Gyeon-woo, a college student who becomes entangled in a bizarre relationship with an eccentric and unpredictable girl. Their encounters are filled with hilarious mishaps and unexpected twists that keep viewers on their toes.
What makes this movie stand out is its perfect blend of humor and heart. The lead characters’ chemistry is palpable, and their quirky interactions are both entertaining and endearing. From drunken antics to outrageous dares, the film delivers laugh-out-loud moments that will have you rolling on the floor.
But My Sassy Girl isn’t just about laughs. It also explores deeper themes of love, fate, and personal growth. As the story unfolds, viewers are taken on an emotional journey that’s both touching and thought-provoking. The film’s unique narrative structure, which includes multiple timelines and alternate endings, adds an extra layer of intrigue to the plot.
2. Extreme Job (2019)
Extreme Job is an action-comedy that took South Korea by storm, becoming one of the highest-grossing films in the country’s history. The movie follows a team of narcotics detectives who go undercover by taking over a fried chicken restaurant to stake out a drug gang. However, their plans take an unexpected turn when their chicken recipe becomes an overnight sensation.
The film’s premise is absurd in the best possible way, leading to a series of hilarious situations as the detectives struggle to balance their police work with running a suddenly successful restaurant. The contrast between their tough cop personas and their newfound roles as chicken entrepreneurs creates endless comedic opportunities.
What sets Extreme Job apart is its perfect blend of action and comedy. The movie doesn’t skimp on thrilling chase scenes and fight sequences, but it always maintains its lighthearted tone. The ensemble cast has fantastic chemistry, with each character bringing their own brand of humor to the mix.
3. Miracle in Cell No. 7 (2013)
Miracle in Cell No. 7 is a heartwarming comedy-drama that will make you laugh and cry in equal measure. The story revolves around Yong-gu, a mentally challenged man with the intelligence of a 6-year-old, who is wrongfully imprisoned for murder. In prison, he forms an unlikely bond with his hardened cellmates and goes to extraordinary lengths to reunite with his young daughter.
The film’s strength lies in its ability to find humor in the darkest of situations. Yong-gu’s childlike innocence and the contrast with his rough prison environment create many funny moments. His cellmates, initially annoyed by his presence, gradually warm up to him, leading to some of the most hilarious and touching scenes in the movie.
However, Miracle in Cell No. 7 is more than just a comedy. It’s a poignant exploration of fatherhood, injustice, and the power of human connection. The relationship between Yong-gu and his daughter is incredibly moving, and their scenes together will tug at your heartstrings. With its perfect balance of laughter and tears, Miracle in Cell No. 7 is a testament to the power of Korean cinema to tell deeply human stories that resonate universally.
4. Midnight Runners (2017)
Midnight Runners is an action-comedy that follows two students at the Korean National Police University who find themselves caught up in a real crime while on a night out. What starts as a simple outing turns into a wild adventure as they attempt to solve a kidnapping case on their own.
The film’s strength lies in the chemistry between its two lead actors. Their contrasting personalities – one by-the-book and the other more impulsive – create a classic buddy cop dynamic that leads to plenty of laughs. As they bumble their way through their makeshift investigation, their enthusiasm and determination make them endearing protagonists that you can’t help but root for.
Midnight Runners delivers some genuinely thrilling action sequences, from chases through the streets of Seoul to tense confrontations with the criminals. The balance between humor and suspense is well-maintained throughout the film, keeping viewers engaged and on the edge of their seats. Beyond the laughs and thrills, the movie also touches on themes of friendship, responsibility, and the challenges of law enforcement.
5. The Dude in Me (2019)
The Dude in Me is a body-swap comedy that puts a fresh spin on a familiar concept. The film tells the story of a high school student who switches bodies with a middle-aged gangster after a freak accident. What follows is a hilarious journey of self-discovery for both characters as they navigate each other’s lives.
The comedy in this film stems from the stark contrast between the two main characters. Watching a hardened gangster try to fit in at high school, or seeing a timid teenager attempt to command respect in the criminal underworld, leads to numerous laugh-out-loud moments. The physical comedy is particularly well-executed, with both actors brilliantly portraying the mannerisms and quirks of their swapped personalities.
The Dude in Me isn’t just about slapstick humor. It also explores deeper themes of empathy and understanding. As each character experiences life from a completely different perspective, they gain new insights into their own lives and the lives of others. This adds a layer of depth to the comedy, making the film both entertaining and thought-provoking.
6. Miss Granny (2014)
Miss Granny is a delightful comedy that puts a unique spin on the fountain of youth trope. The film centers around Oh Mal-soon, a 74-year-old widow who magically regains her youthful appearance after having her photo taken at a mysterious photo studio. Suddenly finding herself in her 20-year-old body, Mal-soon seizes the opportunity to pursue her long-lost dream of becoming a singer.
The comedy in this film stems from the clash between Mal-soon’s elderly mindset and her young appearance. Her old-fashioned views and mannerisms in a young body lead to numerous hilarious situations, especially as she interacts with her now much older son and her young grandson.
But Miss Granny isn’t just about laughs. It’s a heartwarming exploration of aging, regret, and second chances. As Mal-soon experiences youth again, she gains a new perspective on her life and the lives of those around her. The film touches on themes of family, dreams, and the value of life experiences, both good and bad.
7. Sunny (2011)
Sunny is a nostalgic comedy-drama that beautifully balances humor with heart. The film follows Na-mi, a middle-aged woman who decides to reunite her high school friend group, nicknamed “Sunny,” after learning that one of them is terminally ill. The story alternates between the present day and flashbacks to their high school years in the 1980s.
The comedy in Sunny comes from the stark contrast between the characters’ teenage selves and their adult counterparts. The film hilariously portrays the awkwardness and intensity of high school life, from first loves to petty rivalries. The present-day scenes are equally funny, as the now-grown women attempt to recapture their youth and navigate their complex adult relationships.
Beneath the laughter, the film explores themes of friendship, nostalgia, and the passage of time. It poignantly captures the bittersweet feeling of looking back on one’s youth and the ways in which people change – or don’t change – over the years.
8. The Good, The Bad, The Weird (2008)
The Good, The Bad, The Weird is a genre-bending film that combines elements of Western, action, and comedy to create a unique and thrilling experience. Set in 1930s Manchuria, the movie follows three Korean outlaws – a bounty hunter, a hitman, and a thief – as they chase after a treasure map, all while being pursued by the Japanese army and Chinese bandits.
The comedy in this film largely stems from the interactions between the three main characters, each with their distinct personalities and motivations. The “Weird,” played brilliantly by Song Kang-ho, is particularly hilarious with his bumbling yet surprisingly resourceful nature.
From horseback chases to gun battles to motorcycle stunts, the film is packed with spectacularly choreographed set pieces that will keep you on the edge of your seat. These action scenes are often infused with humor, creating a perfect blend of thrills and laughs.
9. Welcome to Dongmakgol (2005)
Welcome to Dongmakgol is a heartwarming comedy-drama set during the Korean War. The film tells the story of a remote mountain village that has remained untouched by the war, and what happens when soldiers from both North and South Korea, as well as an American pilot, end up stranded there together.
The comedy in this film stems from the culture clash between the war-hardened soldiers and the innocent, carefree villagers who have no concept of the ongoing conflict. The villagers’ naive attempts to understand the soldiers’ weapons and uniforms, and the soldiers’ bewilderment at the villagers’ peaceful way of life, lead to numerous hilarious situations.
It’s a poignant exploration of the absurdity of war and the universal human desire for peace. As the soldiers from opposing sides are forced to coexist in this idyllic setting, they begin to question their prejudices and the very nature of the conflict they’re fighting.
10. Attack the Gas Station! (1999)
Attack the Gas Station! is a cult classic that combines comedy with social commentary in a uniquely Korean way. The film follows four disaffected young men who, out of boredom and frustration with society, decide to rob the same gas station for the second night in a row. When they find the cash register empty, they take over the station for the night, leading to a series of increasingly absurd situations.
The comedy in this film is often dark and satirical. The protagonists’ interactions with various customers – from wealthy businessmen to rowdy teenagers – provide plenty of laughs while also offering biting commentary on different aspects of Korean society. The escalating chaos as the night progresses leads to some truly outrageous and hilarious moments.
It explores issues of youth alienation, class disparity, and societal pressure in post-IMF crisis South Korea. The four main characters, despite their criminal actions, are portrayed sympathetically as products of a society that has left them behind.
11. Scandal Makers (2008)
Scandal Makers is a heartwarming comedy that explores family dynamics in unexpected ways. The film centers around Nam Hyeon-soo, a former teen idol who now works as a radio DJ. His life is turned upside down when a young single mother claims to be his daughter, making him a grandfather at the age of 35.
The comedy in this film stems from Hyeon-soo’s desperate attempts to keep his newfound family a secret to protect his image. His interactions with his daughter and grandson, whom he initially tries to push away, lead to numerous hilarious situations. The contrast between his public persona and his private struggles adds another layer of humor to the story.
It’s a touching exploration of family, responsibility, and personal growth. As Hyeon-soo gradually accepts his role as a father and grandfather, the film delivers powerful emotional moments alongside its comedy.
12. 200 Pounds Beauty (2006)
200 Pounds Beauty is a romantic comedy that tackles issues of body image and self-acceptance with a healthy dose of humor. The film follows Hanna, an overweight woman with a beautiful voice who works as a ghost singer for a famous pop star. Frustrated with her life and unrequited love, she undergoes extensive plastic surgery to transform herself into a slim, conventionally attractive woman.
The comedy in this film comes from Hanna’s attempts to navigate her new life and keep her true identity a secret. Her struggles to adapt to her new body and the reactions of those who knew her before lead to many laugh-out-loud moments. The film also pokes fun at the Korean entertainment industry and its obsession with physical appearance.
It offers a nuanced exploration of society’s beauty standards and the pressure women face to conform to them. As Hanna experiences life as a “beautiful” woman, she begins to question whether physical transformation can truly bring happiness.
13. The Pirates (2014)
The Pirates is a swashbuckling adventure comedy that brings the high seas to Korean cinema. Set during the Joseon Dynasty, the film follows a group of pirates, bandits, and a naval officer as they compete to find a seal that was lost when a whale swallowed the ship carrying it.
The comedy in this film comes from the diverse cast of characters and their interactions. From the tough female pirate captain to the bumbling bandit leader, each character brings their own brand of humor to the story. The film is filled with slapstick moments, witty banter, and absurd situations that will keep you laughing throughout.
With its blend of humor, action, and historical setting, The Pirates offers a unique entry in the Korean comedy genre. It’s a fun-filled adventure that showcases the ability of Korean cinema to tackle diverse genres with style and humor.
14. Luck-Key (2016)
Luck-Key is a hilarious comedy that plays with the concept of identity swapping. The film tells the story of a skilled assassin who loses his memory after slipping on soap at a public bathhouse. His identity is then mistakenly swapped with a struggling actor who was at the same bathhouse.
The comedy in this film stems from the stark contrast between the two men’s lives and abilities. Watching the clumsy actor navigate the world of professional killers, while the amnesiac assassin tries to make it as an actor, leads to numerous laugh-out-loud moments. The physical comedy is particularly well-executed, with both actors brilliantly portraying their characters’ fish-out-of-water situations.
It also explores themes of identity, purpose, and second chances. As each character experiences a completely different life, they gain new perspectives and begin to question their previous choices and values. It’s a film that will make you laugh while also making you ponder the role of chance in shaping our lives.
15. Miracle: Letters to the President (2021)
Miracle: Letters to the President is a heartwarming comedy-drama based on a true story. Set in the 1980s, the film follows a high school math prodigy living in a remote village who dreams of building a train station for his community. To achieve this, he begins writing letters to the president.
The comedy in this film comes from the protagonist’s earnest and sometimes naive attempts to navigate bureaucracy and politics. His interactions with government officials, fellow villagers, and his own family lead to many humorous situations. The film captures the charm and quirks of rural life in Korea, providing plenty of laughs along the way.
It’s an inspiring story about perseverance, community spirit, and the power of dreams. The film beautifully portrays the bonds between the villagers and their collective effort to improve their lives. Miracle: Letters to the President is a feel-good movie that will leave you with a smile on your face and a renewed belief in the power of determination.
16. Secretly, Greatly (2013)
Secretly, Greatly is an action-comedy that puts a humorous spin on the spy genre. The film follows three North Korean spies who have been living undercover in South Korea for years, disguised as a village idiot, a rock musician, and a high school student. Their peaceful lives are disrupted when they receive a mysterious order from their homeland.
The comedy in this film stems from the contrast between the spies’ highly trained abilities and their mundane cover identities. Watching a skilled operative pretend to be a simpleton or a teenager leads to numerous hilarious situations. The film plays with spy movie tropes, often subverting them for comedic effect.
But Secretly, Greatly isn’t just about laughs. It also explores themes of loyalty, identity, and the human cost of political conflicts. As the spies become more integrated into South Korean society, they begin to question their mission and their allegiances.
17. The Odd Family: Zombie on Sale (2019)
The Odd Family: Zombie on Sale is a quirky comedy that puts a distinctly Korean spin on the zombie genre. The film follows a family living in a rural town who encounter a zombie and, instead of running away in fear, decide to use him to their advantage.
The comedy in this film comes from the family’s nonchalant reaction to the zombie and their attempts to monetize his existence. From selling his bite as an energy boost to using him as a tourist attraction, their schemes lead to numerous absurd and hilarious situations. The film playfully subverts zombie movie tropes, finding humor in situations that would typically be horrifying.
But beyond the laughs, The Odd Family is also a heartwarming story about family bonds and rural community life. The dysfunctional yet loving family at the center of the story provides the emotional core of the film, while the small-town setting allows for a cast of colorful supporting characters.
18. Intimate Strangers (2018)
Intimate Strangers is a remake of the Italian film “Perfect Strangers,” adapted for Korean audiences. The movie centers around a group of close friends who decide to play a game during a dinner party: they all agree to place their phones on the table and share every call, text, and email they receive throughout the evening.
The comedy in this film stems from the gradual unraveling of secrets and lies as the night progresses. What starts as a seemingly harmless game quickly turns into a minefield of revelations, misunderstandings, and confrontations. The ensemble cast’s reactions and interactions as they navigate this increasingly awkward situation provide plenty of laughs.
It’s also a thought-provoking exploration of modern relationships in the digital age. The film raises questions about privacy, trust, and how well we really know even our closest friends and partners. It’s a film that will make you laugh while also making you think twice about how much of yourself you share online.
19. The Bros (2017)
The Bros is a comedy that revolves around two estranged brothers who reunite for their father’s funeral. One is a poor, unmarried teacher, while the other is a successful businessman with a perfect family. As they carry out their father’s final wishes, they embark on a chaotic journey that forces them to confront their past and their relationship.
The comedy in this film comes from the brothers’ contrasting personalities and the absurd situations they find themselves in. Their bickering, misunderstandings, and attempts to one-up each other lead to many laugh-out-loud moments. The film also finds humor in Korean funeral traditions and family dynamics.
But beyond the laughs, The Bros is a heartfelt exploration of sibling relationships and family bonds. As the brothers navigate their father’s last requests, they begin to understand each other better and confront unresolved issues from their past.
20. Daddy You, Daughter Me (2017)
Daddy You, Daughter Me is a body-swap comedy with a twist: instead of strangers or friends switching bodies, it’s a father and daughter who find themselves in each other’s shoes. The film follows a high-flying executive father and his teenage daughter as they navigate each other’s lives after a magical incident causes them to switch bodies.
The comedy in this film stems from the generational and gender divide between the two main characters. Watching a middle-aged man try to navigate high school life and teenage girl drama, while a teenage girl attempts to run a company, leads to numerous hilarious situations. The physical comedy is particularly well-executed, with both actors brilliantly mimicking each other’s mannerisms.
It’s also a touching exploration of the parent-child relationship and the challenges of understanding each other across the generation gap. As each character experiences life from the other’s perspective, they gain new insights and appreciation for each other’s struggles.
21. Miss & Mrs. Cops (2019)
Miss & Mrs. Cops is an action-comedy that follows two female police officers – a detective and her sister-in-law, a desk officer – as they team up to solve a case that the official police force has given up on. The film combines elements of buddy cop movies with a distinctly feminist twist.
The comedy in this film comes from the contrast between the two main characters and their unorthodox approach to police work. Their banter, mismatched personalities, and unconventional methods of investigation lead to many humorous situations. The film also pokes fun at police procedurals and action movie tropes.
It tackles serious issues like digital sex crimes and the challenges women face in male-dominated professions. The film critiques the way such crimes are often overlooked or not taken seriously by law enforcement. It’s a film that will make you laugh while also appreciating the importance of women supporting each other in the face of adversity.
22. Psychokinesis (2018)
Psychokinesis is a unique entry in the Korean comedy genre, blending superhero elements with family drama and social commentary. The film follows a bank security guard who gains telekinetic powers after drinking water from a mountain spring affected by a meteor. He attempts to use his newfound abilities to reconnect with his estranged daughter and help her fight against a construction company threatening to destroy her neighborhood.
The comedy in this film often stems from the protagonist’s clumsy attempts to master and use his powers. His initial experiments with telekinesis and his efforts to keep his abilities secret lead to many humorous situations. The film also finds comedy in the contrast between the grand scale of superhero movies and the mundane realities of everyday life in Korea.
But Psychokinesis isn’t just about superpowers and laughs. It’s a heartfelt story about father-daughter relationships and the struggles of ordinary people against corporate greed. The film uses its fantastical premise to explore very real issues of urban redevelopment and displacement in Korea.
23. The Beauty Inside (2015)
The Beauty Inside is a romantic comedy with a fantastical twist. The film tells the story of Woo-jin, a man who wakes up in a different body every day – sometimes as a man, sometimes as a woman, sometimes old, sometimes young. Despite this condition, he falls in love with Yi-soo, a furniture designer, and must find a way to maintain their relationship.
The comedy in this film often comes from Woo-jin’s attempts to navigate daily life and his relationship while constantly changing appearance. His efforts to explain his condition to Yi-soo and the misunderstandings that arise lead to many humorous situations. The film also finds comedy in the reactions of those around Woo-jin to his ever-changing appearance.
The Beauty Inside is a touching exploration of love, identity, and what it means to truly know someone. It raises questions about the nature of attraction and whether love can transcend physical appearance.
24. The Thieves (2012)
The Thieves is a high-stakes heist comedy that brings together a star-studded cast of Korean and Chinese actors. The film follows a team of professional thieves from Korea and China who join forces to steal a valuable diamond from a casino in Macau.
The comedy in this film often comes from the clash of personalities within the diverse group of thieves. Their bickering, double-crossing, and attempts to outsmart each other lead to many humorous situations. The film also finds comedy in the elaborate nature of the heist itself, with plans going awry in unexpected ways.
It’s also a thrilling action movie with impressive set pieces and plot twists. The film keeps viewers on their toes with its complex plot and shifting alliances among the characters. The Thieves offers a globetrotting adventure that showcases the best of Korean cinema. It’s a film that will make you laugh while keeping you guessing until the very end.
25. Tazza: The High Rollers (2006)
Tazza: The High Rollers is a comedy-drama set in the high-stakes world of underground gambling. The film follows Goni, a young man who becomes a master of the Korean card game hwatu after being cheated out of his savings. He enters the dangerous and exciting world of professional gambling, encountering colorful characters and perilous situations along the way.
The comedy in this film often comes from the larger-than-life personalities of the gamblers and the absurd situations that arise in their high-stakes games. Goni’s journey from naive newcomer to cunning player provides many opportunities for both humor and character development. The film also finds comedy in the superstitions and rituals surrounding gambling, as well as the elaborate schemes the characters devise to cheat each other.
It’s also a tense thriller that keeps viewers on the edge of their seats with its high-stakes games and dangerous rivalries. The film skillfully balances its comedic elements with genuine suspense and drama. It’s a film that will make you laugh, gasp, and perhaps think twice about picking up a deck of cards.
26. Going by the Book (2007)
Going by the Book is a clever comedy that finds humor in the most unlikely of places: a bank robbery drill. The film follows a by-the-book traffic cop who is chosen to play the role of a bank robber in a mock robbery designed to test the local police force’s response. However, things spiral out of control when he decides to take his role extremely seriously, exposing the flaws in the system.
The comedy in this film stems from the protagonist’s literal interpretation of his role and the increasingly flustered reactions of the police force and town officials. What starts as a simple drill turns into a full-blown crisis as the “robber” outsmarts the police at every turn, all while strictly adhering to the rules of the exercise.
But beyond the laughs, Going by the Book offers a satirical look at bureaucracy, police procedures, and the media. It cleverly exposes the gaps between theory and practice in law enforcement, and how strictly following rules can sometimes lead to absurd results.
27. The Foul King (2000)
The Foul King is a quirky comedy that follows the journey of a meek bank clerk who takes up professional wrestling as an escape from his mundane life. Frustrated with being pushed around at work and in his personal life, he adopts the persona of “The Foul King,” a rule-breaking heel wrestler.
The comedy in this film comes from the stark contrast between the protagonist’s timid real-life persona and his outrageous wrestling alter ego. His attempts to balance his secret wrestling career with his day job lead to many hilarious situations. The film also finds humor in the over-the-top world of professional wrestling, with its larger-than-life characters and theatrical performances.
With its underdog story, unique setting, and blend of slapstick and character-driven humor, The Foul King offers a refreshing take on the sports comedy genre. It’s a film that will make you laugh while also rooting for its unlikely hero.
28. Barking Dogs Never Bite (2000)
Barking Dogs Never Bite is a dark comedy that marked the directorial debut of Bong Joon-ho, who would later gain international acclaim with films like “Parasite.” The movie follows an unemployed academic who becomes irritated by a neighbor’s constantly barking dog and decides to take matters into his own hands, leading to a series of absurd and increasingly complicated situations.
The comedy in this film is often uncomfortable and satirical, finding humor in the characters’ moral failings and the absurdity of their actions. The protagonist’s escalating attempts to deal with the barking dog, and the ripple effects these actions have on the community, lead to many darkly funny moments.
With its unique blend of dark humor, social commentary, and quirky characters, Barking Dogs Never Bite offers a glimpse of the style that would make Bong Joon-ho an internationally renowned filmmaker. It’s a film that will make you laugh uncomfortably while also reflecting on the nature of modern urban life.
29. The Quiet Family (1998)
The Quiet Family is a pitch-black comedy that follows a family who open a mountain inn, only to be faced with a streak of bad luck as their guests keep dying in various accidents. Desperate to keep their business afloat and avoid suspicion, the family resorts to burying the bodies in secret.
The comedy in this film comes from the increasingly absurd situations the family finds themselves in and their deadpan reactions to the mounting body count. Their matter-of-fact approach to disposing of the bodies and maintaining a facade of normalcy leads to many darkly hilarious moments.
The movie also serves as a showcase for several actors who would go on to become major stars in Korean cinema, including Song Kang-ho and Choi Min-sik. Their performances bring depth to their characters, making them simultaneously funny and relatable despite their questionable actions.
30. Sex Is Zero (2002)
Sex Is Zero is a raunchy comedy that follows the misadventures of a group of college students as they navigate relationships, sex, and growing up. The film centers on Eun-sik, a slightly older student who falls for a pretty aerobics instructor while dealing with his inexperience and the antics of his dormitory mates.
The comedy in this film is often crude and slapstick, finding humor in awkward sexual situations, misunderstandings, and the characters’ attempts to appear more experienced than they are. The film doesn’t shy away from explicit jokes and sight gags, pushing the boundaries of what was acceptable in Korean cinema at the time.
With its mix of outrageous comedy and heartfelt moments, Sex Is Zero became a huge hit in Korea and spawned a sequel. While its humor may not be to everyone’s taste, it represents an important shift in Korean comedy towards more explicit content and remains a notable entry in the genre.
Korean cinema offers a rich tapestry of comedies that cater to various tastes and preferences. From romantic comedies that tug at your heartstrings to dark comedies that challenge societal norms, from action-packed laugh riots to thoughtful humorous dramas, there’s something for everyone in this diverse lineup.
These 30 films showcase the versatility and creativity of Korean filmmakers in the comedy genre. They demonstrate how humor can be used not just for entertainment, but also as a vehicle for social commentary, character development, and cultural exploration. Whether you’re a longtime fan of Korean cinema or just dipping your toes into this vibrant film industry, these comedies offer a perfect starting point. They provide not just laughs, but also insights into Korean culture, society, and the universal human experiences that connect us all.